Interleukin-21 triggers effector cell responses in the gut

Allogeneic Red Blood Cell Transfusion Following the Total Hip Arthroplasty Triggers the Immunomodulatory Responses

Background and Aims: Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is a common orthopedic surgery. The main focus in the research of THA is immune responses in these patients following the blood transfusion.Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the immune modulation indexes such as T cell amplification, Tcell surface markers and also production of cytokines in the patients undergoing THA surgery following bloo...

Via Cross-Presentation by Dendritic Cells Induces Gut Effector CD8 T Cell Responses Targeting the Gut Vascular Endothelium

Systems Modeling of the Role of Interleukin-21 in the Maintenance of Effector CD4+ T Cell Responses during Chronic Helicobacter pylori Infection

The development of gastritis during Helicobacter pylori infection is dependent on an activated adaptive immune response orchestrated by T helper (Th) cells. However, the relative contributions of the Th1 and Th17 subsets to gastritis and control of infection are still under investigation. To investigate the role of interleukin-21 (IL-21) in the gastric mucosa during H. pylori infection, we comb...

Interleukin-21 augments the efficacy of T-cell therapy by eliciting concurrent cellular and humoral responses.

Interleukin (IL)-21 modulates T-cell-associated, B-cell-associated, and natural killer cell-associated immunity. However, the potential of IL-21 to simultaneously stimulate cellular and humoral antitumor responses and the mechanisms involved have not yet been adequately explored. In this report, we examined the immune-modulating effect of IL-21 when used in vitro and its adjuvant effects when a...

Impact of the Gut Microbiota on Vaccine Responses

Non-responsiveness or poor responsiveness to vaccines are challenging issues in vaccine development, and efforts have been made to find out the potential reasons for these conditions. Intestinal microbiome plays a key role in regulating and development of immune system and the composition and diversity of microbiota in different individuals on the one hand, and the imbalance of intestinal micro...